Science+and+the+Courts





Science and the Courts WIKISPACE

__**TASK:**__
== **Students will work in small groups to produce a collaborative wiki space that illustrate an understanding of topics discussed in the unit, how to research court cases, and explain how science applies to the American justice system in the past and present. The wiki space should incorporate the use of at least three technology strategies that you have learned during the technology program. ** ==

1. Homer walked past the bartender as he was evolving, yet the bartender reversed and went back to a rodent-like creature, is this possible? 2. How did the cells separate themselves to distant areas to form different organisms?



__**THREE MINUTE PAUSE:**__ 1. Evolution is the change in a species through many generations through natural selections and adaptations due to the different surrounding environment over a period of time. 2. I think the people who don't believe in evolution because they believe that god made everything have no choice but to believe it now in the present. If they still try to argue with it, they will look very unintelligent. 3. Can we reverse Evolution? Does that mean traits that died out, will be extinct forever?

AMERICA IN THE 1920s
 //The Roaring Twenties was a time of growth for America. There were many mistakes that helped shaped the country into what it is today. The positive outcome of the 1920s was that it shaped the new culture of Americans. Flappers defined a new image for women that gave them more independence and power as they achieved the right to vote. However, as the decade began to conclude, America quickly crashed and burned as we entered the Great Depression.//



__REFLECTIVE QUESTIONS:__
== **Do you think that scientific research and discovery might be in conflict with some values and ideals of the 1920's? Why or why not? Provide evidence from today's activities to support your response.** ==

//Science and religion clash during the 1920s because it is evident in the Scopes Trial. There were many people who looked at advancements while many held onto traditional values. People held the belief that God was the creator of man kind, yet science theorized that evolution had taken place. The 1920s was really a clash of the old and new cultures. As many entered the lifestyle as consumers and the self-made man, others argued that Americans were losing their old ways.//

2. Make an argument for or against the theory of Evolution supporting your argument.
// 1. CONSERVATIVES v. LIBERALS 2. Clearly God did not make everything that exists today. Though I believe that there is a greater being among us, there is no evidence that can prove that such a thing did happen. Science, however, proves that evolution does occur and is true, because many embryos look alike during the first few stages, however they begin to take its own shape as time goes on. Also, Darwin observed that finches on the Galapagos Islands had separated themselves due to continental drift when the islands drifted apart, had different beaks but alike features. //



OPENER: Political cartoon on Theory of Evolution/Scopes Trial.


Answer the following questions on the clip from the Simpson episode entitled, "//Monkey Suit//," in your notebook after watching the video:**
 * ACTIVITY 1:

1. What was the message of this cartoon clip? ​// The cartoon clip mocked the events that happened during the Scopes trial and how everyone was siding with religion over science when it was first introduced. It seemed as though the government was corrupt and only did things that would make their jobs easier even if they do not entirely believe with it themselves. // 2. Do you think something like this could actually happen? // Even though the cartoon is depicting an obvious extreme and that people nowadays would side with Lisa other than everyone else, I believe that it might have been like that with Mr. Scopes back then, because everyone believed the God had created everything, but then a new idea was introduced to their children, and they didn't like it., so they took matters to their own hands and the government sided with the majority to keep them happy and from rioting. //

ACTIVITY 2a: Mark up of the Butler Act of 1925 on the teachings of evolution in the schools of Tennessee.

PIRATE PAD w/ group members on Mark Up of the Butler Act and comments on the slide of the Scopes Trial. []

COPY AND PASTE FINAL STATEMENTS OFF OF OTHER GROUPS' PIRATEPADS AFTER RESEARCHING THE CHARACTERS OF THE SCOPES TRIAL:

MY GROUP: THE ACLU: "And they were really doing something that had never been done in American history, which was suggesting that there should be individual rights that would be enforceable against government policies that were supported even by broad majorities of the American public." ""We are looking for a Tennessee teacher who is willing to accept our services in testing this law in the courts. Our lawyers think a friendly test case can be arranged without costing a teacher his or her job. ...All we need now is a willing client." Their willing client turned out to be John Thomas Scopes. ""they hoped the trial would create so much publicity that people would fill the hotels, eat in the restaurants, and help boost the local economy." "Baldwin and his ACLU colleagues were not advocating for or against religion. Neither were they out to support Darwin's theory of evolution" "The ACLU lost the Scopes trial, but gained a national reputation. In 1926 Darrow and the ACLU appealed the case before the Tennessee Supreme Court. The court overturned John Scopes' conviction, but kept the anti-evolution law on the books. However, it was a toothless law by then, and never again enforced." 1. The ACLU was helping Scopes, the defendent, out, because they hired him to test out the law and create attention so that Dayton, TN may gain some profit from the people who might come in.2.The ACLU wanted schools to be allowed to teach evolution because it was exercising civil liberties, but they did not really care for the theory of evolution or religion.3. I don't agree with the outcomes of the trial, because they violated the constitution by stripping the rights to religion and education. Also, in the US, the church and government are to be separated, but in this case, they ruled that a Christian teaching was to be enforced.

FINAL GROUP STATEMENT: T he -summaary^ CLAREN DARROW Defense attorney, he volunteered to defend John Scopes' in court. He was an atheist. Decided to put Scope guilty, so he would have the last stance in court.He want ed the prayer that was said everyday to be stopped. U ncommon to cross the the opposing attorney He made himself look like a fool because didn't want Bryan to give the closing address and wanted the decision to be reviewed in the higher court He was a famous lawyer that prevented a convicted child killer from the death penalty. He had also defended strikers, labor leaders and anarchists."almost destroyed his career when he defended two union officials accused of murder in the dynamiting of the //Los Angeles Times// building. Before the trial was over, Darrow himself was under attack -- for bribing the jury" Clarence Darrow's role in the trial was as the most famous lawyer who ( m ) defended John Scopes. He argued for the side of science, and pressed on the prosecuting attorney, Bryan, to admit that the Genesis and the Bi bl e was a bunch of garbage. His main goal was to prove that the Butler Law was unconstitutional. However, h e only ended up creating a furious debate over the issue of religion vs. science. Like his father, Darrow was an atheist, and thus argued for the side of science with a firm belief in the truth of evolution. Scopes was found guilty, but Darrow later appealed the case to the Tennesee supreme court. Scopes was released on a technicality but the Butler Act remained. Darrow pleaded Scopes guilty because he wanted to bring it to a higher court to repeal it.
 * The American Civil Liberties Union was relatively new during 1920s and was not known around the world, so in order to gain recognition, they hired Scopes to defy theButler Act to gain recognition for the ACLU. Scopes accepted because he wanted to gain profit for Dayton, TN, since they were on the brink of bankruptcy. They wanted to start a conversation and get people talking about the issue at hand,.if the government really had a say in religion. They wanted to try out the law, because it went against free speech and religion. They lost the case but laws like Butler Act ceased to exist in the years following the case. They gained recognition following the case and still exist today.The ACLU advocated free speech and other civil liberties
 * ACLU is organization in which they defend anyone being accused of teaching evolution. In Tennessee V Scopes the ACLU defended John Scopes for he had been accused of teaching evolution. The ACLU told John Scopes to teach evolution on purpose; for teaching out the text book is requirement in Tennessee he had no choice but to break the law. John Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution but he made a point the law was pointless.

William Jennings Bryan: William Jennings Bryan was a highly influential national figure. He was elected in the House of Representatives and ran for president three times. He was a major player in the creation of the Butler act, and when the Scopes trial came up, he was placed as prosecutor despite that not being his job.

John Scopes: Summarize: 1900-1970 John Scopes was a biology teacher, and was asked by businessmen to be indicted teaching evolution. At 24, he was a defendant and he claimed he was innocent because he did nothing wrong. Basically, he didn't teach evolution, he was just there to be used.

John Scope was a Biology Substitute Teacher born in 1900 who aspired to be a Coach. He was charged with violating the Butler's act which prohibited the teaching of any lesson that insulted or defied the Divine design and creationism. But that wasn't the case at all, in fact John Scopes was approached at a local Pharmacy and asked if he could testify against the injustices of the Butler's Act and bring it's unconstitutional injustices to light. While the other side of the case, those who enacted the law wanted their small town of Dayton to recieve more revenue by shining a spot light upon themselves with a controversial topic. The trial was a giant publicity stunt filled with rhetorical questions that flied (flyed?) across the room between the two of them. Scopes played a very small part in the actual trial and never took stand nor did he show up certain days

__Judge John T. Raulston__


 * Judge Raulston was the judge of the court case, Tennessee vs. John Scopes, but even though the jury had the final decision in the verdict of the case, Raulston had an influence by what he said and who he invited on to testify for the case.
 * Raulston wanted to make the case well-known since he infatutated with publicity and having his own photos taken
 * Raulston was a conservative Christian, who stuck to many traditional values, therefore, he offered some bias toward the case
 * Raulston often clashed with Clarence Darrow on anything to show his ongoing bias toward the beliefs of evolution. There was not much evidence in indicting Scopes, yet Raulston tempted the Grand Jury to indict Scopes
 * Raulston opened a case one day with a prayer, showing his beliefs to the Bible and Christianity. This also opened up signs to the favoring he had toward the lessons taught by the Bible
 * Raulston did not allow Darrow's scientific experts to testify before the grand jury, which shows that he was nervous as to how their findings could influence the jury, so by not allowing them to testify, there was little evidence to support Darrow's defens

John Scopes: He initiated the debate because he was hired by the ACLU and accepted because he wanted to bring in revenue for the poor city of Dayton, TN. His role in the Scopes trial was small, because after he began the course, he barely showed up to the trials.

Judge John T. Raulston: He was the judge for the Scopes Trial. He was bias because he believed in traditional morals and was a conservative Christian. He did not allow Darrow's scientific experts to testify because he didn't want them to win.

William Jennings Bryan:

Darrow: He defended Scopes and said that the Butler Act was unconstitutional. He was a member of the ACLU.

ACLU: the ACLU wanted wider recognition for advocating free speech and civil liberties. They hired John Scopes to test out the new butler act and watned to start a debate about whether the government had the right to manage religions.

I agree with the outcome of the Scopes Trial, because Scopes did violate the law, and Darrow was respecting the authorities by convicting him guilty, but since it was unconstitutional, the Butler Act and other laws alike were repealed later on.

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====//This slide show represents the events that happened during the 1925 Scopes Trial. It was during a time of American characterization. Young people began to develop their own culture which included new ideas and stepping away from traditional views. However, there were traditionalists who did not approve of these changes. The Scopes Trial clearly represented this clash between old and new. The Butler Act banned the teaching of the theory of evolution in any state funded school and encouraged creationism, the belief that God had put everything on earth. However, the ACLU saw this as an oppurtunity to gain recognition for their group, for the act was violating the First Amendment in freedom of religion and that America was not a theocrat society. John Scopes was approached in a pharmacy and volunteered to start up the debate by saying he taught evolution in his biology class, because he wanted to bring revenue and prosper to the town of Dayton, TN. However, he was barely in the trial, as it quickly became a battle between Darrow and Bryan as they fought over religion and science. In the end, conservative Christian Judge Raulston fined Scopes of $100 when Darrow, Scopes's defendant, pleaded guilty because he wanted to bring it to a higher court. However, Darrow never got the chance, because there was a technicality. Judge Raulston did not have the right to enforce a punishment, it was the duty of the jury.// ====

Day 3: July 21, 2010
SCIENCE AND THE JUSTICE SYSTEM TODAY //Students will be able to://
 * Explain how their Glog/Slide represents the signifcance of events that occurred during the Scopes Trial
 * Identify and explain the connection between science and the justice system in today's world

OPENER: TEN WORDS OR LESS TO DESCRIBE THE SCOPES TRIAL. The Scopes Trial reflects the clash between tradition and new ideas.